Bills
End qualified immunity in Texas
Case Studies
Bills and Legislation
HB 88
Introduced in 2020
Failed
This legislative effort, which included ending qualified immunity, was known as the "Texas Houses's George Floyd Act." There was heated debate regarding the qualified immunity provision of the bill, and ultimately it did not pass.
end
(3/4legislation passed)
- ✓
Ends Qualified Immunity for all law enforcement officers
Yes, section 135.0002 of the bill states, "A person may bring an action for any appropriate relief, including legal or equitable relief, **against a peace officer who, under the color of law, deprived the person of or caused the person to be deprived of a right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Texas Constitution**... Notwithstanding any other law, **qualified immunity or a defendant’s good faith but erroneous belief in the lawfulness of the defendant’s conduct is not a defense to an action brought under this chapter.**"
- ✗
Ends Qualified Immunity for all public employees
No, the bill does not meet the standard. Section 135.0002 of the bill states, "A person may bring an action for any appropriate relief, including legal or equitable relief, **against a peace officer who, under the color of law, deprived the person of or caused the person to be deprived of a right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Texas Constitution**... Notwithstanding any other law, qualified immunity or a defendant’s good faith but erroneous belief in the lawfulness of the defendant’s conduct is not a defense to an action brought under this chapter."
- ✓
Ends Qualified Immunity for all state constitutional violations
Yes, section 135.0002 of the bill states, "A person may bring an action for any appropriate relief, including legal or equitable relief, **against a peace officer who, under the color of law, deprived the person of or caused the person to be deprived of a right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Texas Constitution**... Notwithstanding any other law, **qualified immunity or a defendant’s good faith but erroneous belief in the lawfulness of the defendant’s conduct is not a defense to an action brought under this chapter.**"
- ✓
Ends monetary caps on all public liability amounts
Yes, section 135.0003 of the bill states, "**Notwithstanding any other law, a statutory immunity or limitation on liability, damages, or attorney’s fees does not apply to an action brought under this chapter.**"
start
(2/5legislation passed)
- ✗
Implements a failure-to-intervene clause
No, the bill does not meet the standard.
- ✓
Guarantees that victims are compensated the full amount awarded
Yes, section 135.0005 of the bill states ". . . **a public entity shall indemnify a peace officer employed by the entity for liability incurred by and a judgment imposed against the officer in an action brought under this chapter**."
- ✓
Starts attorney fees
Yes, section 135.0004 of the bill states, “... (a) In an action brought under this chapter, **a court shall award reasonable attorney’s fees and costs to a prevailing plaintiff**.”
- ✗
Starts holding individual employees accountable
No, the bill does not meet the standard.
- ✗
Starts disclosing public records
No, the bill does not meet the stadard.
SB 1224
Introduced in 2021
Failed
This is the same bill as HB 88 and SB 161 introduced one year prior, now named the "George Floyd Law Enforcement Accountability Act." Like the 2020 versions of the bills, it quickly died in committee.
end
(3/4legislation passed)
- ✓
Ends Qualified Immunity for all law enforcement officers
Yes, section 135.0002 of the bill states, "A person may bring an action for any appropriate relief, including legal or equitable relief, **against a peace officer who, under the color of law, deprived the person of or caused the person to be deprived of a right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Texas Constitution**... **Notwithstanding any other law, qualified immunity or a defendant’s good faith but erroneous belief in the lawfulness of the defendant’s conduct is not a defense to an action **brought under this chapter."
- ✗
Ends Qualified Immunity for all public employees
No, the bill does not meet the standard. Section 135.0002 of the bill states, "A person may bring an action for any appropriate relief, including legal or equitable relief, **against a peace officer **who, under the color of law, deprived the person of or caused the person to be deprived of a right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Texas Constitution... Notwithstanding any other law, qualified immunity or a defendant’s good faith but erroneous belief in the lawfulness of the defendant’s conduct is not a defense to an action brought under this chapter."
- ✓
Ends Qualified Immunity for all state constitutional violations
Yes, section 135.0002 of the bill states, "A person may bring an action for any appropriate relief, including legal or equitable relief, **against a peace officer who, under the color of law, deprived the person of or caused the person to be deprived of a right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Texas Constitution**... **Notwithstanding any other law, qualified immunity or a defendant’s good faith but erroneous belief in the lawfulness of the defendant’s conduct is not a defense to an action **brought under this chapter."
- ✓
Ends monetary caps on all public liability amounts
Yes, section 135.0003 of the bill states, "Notwithstanding any other law, a **statutory immunity or limitation on liability, damages, or attorney’s fees does not apply to an action brought under this chapter.**"
start
(2/5legislation passed)
- ✗
Implements a failure-to-intervene clause
No, the bill does not meet the standard.
- ✓
Guarantees that victims are compensated the full amount awarded
Yes, section 135.0005 of the bill states, "...**a public entity shall indemnify a peace officer employed by the entity for liability incurred by and a judgment imposed against the officer in an action brought under this chapter.**"
- ✓
Starts attorney fees
Yes, section 135.0004 of the bill states, “... (a) In an action brought under this chapter**, a court shall award reasonable attorney’s fees and costs to a prevailing plaintiff.**”
- ✗
Starts holding individual employees accountable
No, the bill does not meet the standard.
- ✗
Starts disclosing public records
No, teh bill does not meet the standard.
HB 2917
Introduced in 2023
Failed
Although this senate bill is titled the Thurgood Marshall Criminal Justice Reform Act, it is the same as the George Floyd Act proposed concurrently in the house, as well as in 2020 and 2021. Like other versions of the legislation, it died quickly in committee.
end
(3/4legislation passed)
- ✓
Ends Qualified Immunity for all law enforcement officers
Yes, section 135.0002 of the bill states, "A person may bring an action for any appropriate relief, including legal or equitable relief, **against a peace officer who, under the color of law, deprived the person of or caused the person to be deprived of a right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Texas Constitution... Notwithstanding any other law, qualified immunity or a defendant’s good faith but erroneous belief in the lawfulness of the defendant’s conduct is not a defense to an action brought under this chapter.**"
- ✗
Ends Qualified Immunity for all public employees
No, the bill does not meet the standard. Section 135.0002 of the bill states, "A person may bring an action for any appropriate relief, including legal or equitable relief, **against a peace officer who, under the color of law, deprived the person of or caused the person to be deprived of a right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Texas Constitution... **Notwithstanding any other law, qualified immunity or a defendant’s good faith but erroneous belief in the lawfulness of the defendant’s conduct is not a defense to an action brought under this chapter."
- ✓
Ends Qualified Immunity for all state constitutional violations
Yes, section 135.0002 of the bill states, "A person may bring an action for any appropriate relief, including legal or equitable relief, **against a peace officer who, under the color of law, deprived the person of or caused the person to be deprived of a right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Texas Constitution... Notwithstanding any other law, qualified immunity or a defendant’s good faith but erroneous belief in the lawfulness of the defendant’s conduct is not a defense to an action brought under this chapter.**"
- ✓
Ends monetary caps on all public liability amounts
Yes, section 135.0003 of the bill states, "**Notwithstanding any other law, a statutory immunity or limitation on liability, damages, or attorney’s fees does not apply to an action brought under this chapte**r."
start
(2/5legislation passed)
- ✗
Implements a failure-to-intervene clause
No, the bill does not meet the standard.
- ✓
Guarantees that victims are compensated the full amount awarded
Yes., section 135.0005 of the bill states, "... **a public entity shall indemnify a peace officer employed by the entity for liability incurred by and a judgment imposed against the officer in an action brought under this chapter**."
- ✓
Starts attorney fees
Yes, section 135.0004 of the bill states, “... (a) In an action brought under this chapter, a** court shall award reasonable attorney’s fees and costs to a prevailing plaintiff.”**
- ✗
Starts holding individual employees accountable
No, the bill does not meet the standard.
- ✗
Starts disclosing public records
No, the bill does not meet the standard.
HB 2519
Introduced in 2023
Significantly Improved
Failed
In 2023 the George Floyd act was again introduced in both the house and senate, after being proposed initially in 2020. The house version of the bill shown here was altered signifcantly, most notably making the public entity, rather than the officer, the primary defendant as well as creating an avenue for terminating officers.
end
(3/4legislation passed)
- ✓
Ends Qualified Immunity for all law enforcement officers
Yes, section 117.0003 of the bill states, "**An individual may bring an action for any appropriate relief, including legal or equitable relief, in a court of this state against a public entity on the basis that a peace officer under the entity's employment, by an act or omission under the color of law, deprived the individual of or caused the individual to be deprived of a right, privilege, or immunity under the laws or constitution of this state or the United States**... **A defendant in an action brought under this chapter may not assert as a defense or basis for immunity..**. "
- ✗
Ends Qualified Immunity for all public employees
No, the bill does not meet the standard. Section 117.0003 of the bill states, "An individual may bring an action for any appropriate relief, including legal or equitable relief,** in a court of this state against a public entity on the basis that a peace officer** under the entity's employment, by an act or omission under the color of law, deprived the individual of or caused the individual to be deprived of a right, privilege, or immunity under the laws or constitution of this state or the United States.
- ✓
Ends Qualified Immunity for all state constitutional violations
Yes, section 117.003 of the bill states, "**An individual may bring an action for any appropriate relief, including legal or equitable relief, in a court of this state against a public entity on the basis that a peace officer under the entity's employment, by an act or omission under the color of law, deprived the individual of or caused the individual to be deprived of a right, privilege, or immunity under the laws or constitution of this state or the United States**
- ✓
Ends monetary caps on all public liability amounts
Yes, section 117.004 of the bill states, "**Notwithstanding any other law, a statutory immunity or limitation on liability, damages, or attorney's fees does not apply to an action brought under this chapter.**”
start
(3.5/5legislation passed)
- ✗
Implements a failure-to-intervene clause
No, the bill does not meet the standard.
- ✓
Guarantees that victims are compensated the full amount awarded
Yes, the bill makes the government employer the defendant in any suit, although the officer is joint and severally liable. Section 117.003 of the bill states, “**An individual may bring an action for any appropriate relief, including legal or equitable relief, in a court of this state against a public entity on the basis that a peace officer under the entity's employment, **by an act or omission under the color of law, deprived the individual of or caused the individual to be deprived of a right, privilege, or immunity under the laws or constitution of this state or the United States...**A peace officer may not be found financially liable in an action brought under this chapter for a deprivation of a right, privilege, or immunity under the laws or constitution of this state or the United States**... A** defendant who is found liable in an action brought under this chapter is jointly and severally liable for damages, attorney's fees, and costs awarded by the court.**
- ✓
Starts attorney fees
Yes, section 117.008 of the bill states, “... (a)** In an action brought under this chapter, a court shall award reasonable attorney’s fees and costs to a prevailing plaintiff.**”
- ✓
Starts holding individual employees accountable
The bill partially meets the standard. Peace officers cannot be financially liable alone, but are “joint and severally liable,” and the legislation does establish just cause for termination in a successful suit. Section 117.007 of the bill states, "A peace officer **may not be found financially liable in an action brought under this chapter for a deprivation of a right, privilege, or immunity under the laws or constitution of this state or the United States**." But, section 117.010 states, "(a) Notwithstanding any other law, contract, or agreement,** a public entity may terminate a contract or agreement with or the employment of a peace officer if the court finds in an action brought under this chapter that the officer deprived a claimant of a right, privilege, or immunity under the laws or constitution of this state or the United States**. (b) A public entity's termination of a contract or agreement with or the employment of a peace officer does not affect the entity's liability in an action brought under this chapter."
- ✓
Starts disclosing public records
Yes, section 117.011 of the bill states, " **All petitions, judgments, settlements, and consent decrees related to an action brought under this chapter are public information subject to disclosure under Chapter 552, Government Code**."
SB 575
Introduced in 2023
Failed
This bill, introduced by Senator Roland Gutierrez in 2023, stands apart from other legislation proposed in Texas since 2020, being narrowly focused on qualified immunity and civil liability, it meets most of Campaign Zero's proposed standards in full or in part. The bill died in committee without much forward momentum.
end
(3/4legislation passed)
- ✓
Ends Qualified Immunity for all law enforcement officers
Yes, section 106A.001 of the bill states, "(a) **A peace officer employed by a local government or the State of Texas who, under color of law, subjects or causes to be subjected, including failing to intervene, any other person to the deprivation of any individual rights that create binding obligations on government actors is liable to the injured party for legal or equitable relief or any other appropriate relief.**.. Statutory immunities and statutory limitations on liability, damages, or attorney fees do not apply to claims brought pursuant to this section...**Qualified immunity is not a defense to liability pursuant to this section**."
- ✗
Ends Qualified Immunity for all public employees
No, the bill does not meet the standard. Section 106A.001 of the bill states, "(a) **A peace officer employed by a local government or the State of Texas **who, under color of law, subjects or causes to be subjected, including failing to intervene, any other person to the deprivation of any individual rights that create binding obligations on government actors is liable to the injured party for legal or equitable relief or any other appropriate relief...
- ✓
Ends Qualified Immunity for all state constitutional violations
Yes, section 106A.001 of the bill states, "(a) **A peace officer employed by a local government or the State of Texas who, under color of law, subjects or causes to be subjected, including failing to intervene, any other person to the deprivation of any individual rights that create binding obligations on government actors is liable to the injured party for legal or equitable relief or any other appropriate relief.**.. Statutory immunities and statutory limitations on liability, damages, or attorney fees do not apply to claims brought pursuant to this section...**Qualified immunity is not a defense to liability pursuant to this section**."
- ✓
Ends monetary caps on all public liability amounts
Yes, section 106A.001 of the bill states, "(b)** Statutory immunities and statutory limitations on liability, damages, or attorney fees do not apply to claims brought pursuant to this section**."
start
(3.5/5legislation passed)
- ✓
Implements a failure-to-intervene clause
The bill partially meets the standard. Section 106A.001 of the bill states," A peace officer employed by a local government or the State of Texas who, under color of law, subjects or causes to be subjected,** including failing to intervene,** any other person to the deprivation of any individual rights that create binding obligations on government actors** is liable **to the injured party for legal or equitable relief or any other appropriate relief.”
- ✓
Guarantees that victims are compensated the full amount awarded
Yes, section 106A.001 of the bill states, "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, **a peace officer's employer shall indemnify its peace officers for any liability incurred by the peace officer and for any judgment or settlement entered against the peace officer for claims arising pursuant to this section**; except that, if the peace officer's employer determines that the officer did not act upon a good faith and reasonable belief that the action was lawful**, then the peace officer is personally liable and shall not be indemnified by the peace officer's employer for five percent of the judgment or settlement or twenty-five thousand dollars, whichever is less.** Notwithstanding any provision of this section to the contrary, **if the peace officer's portion of the judgment is uncollectible from the peace officer, the peace officer's employer or insurance shall satisfy the full amount of the judgment or settlement**. A public entity does not have to indemnify a peace officer if the peace officer was convicted of a criminal violation for the conduct from which the claim arises."
- ✓
Starts attorney fees
Yes, section 106A.001 of the bill states, “... In any action brought pursuant to this section, **a court shall award reasonable attorney fees and costs to a prevailing plaintiff. **In actions for injunctive relief, a court shall deem a plaintiff to have prevailed if the plaintiff's suit was a substantial factor or significant catalyst in obtaining the results sought by the litigation. When a judgment is entered in favor of a defendant, the court may award reasonable costs and attorney fees to the defendant for defending any claims the court finds frivolous.”
- ✓
Starts holding individual employees accountable
Yes, section 106A.001 of the bill states, "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a peace officer's employer shall indemnify its peace officers for any liability incurred by the peace officer and for any judgment or settlement entered against the peace officer for claims arising pursuant to this section; except that, **if the peace officer's employer determines that the officer did not act upon a good faith and reasonable belief that the action was lawful, then the peace officer is personally liable and shall not be indemnified by the peace officer's employer for five percent of the judgment or settlement or twenty-five thousand dollars, whichever is less**."
- ✗
Starts disclosing public records
No, the bill does not meet the standard.
Case studies in Texas
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